Can Dogs Eat Canned Sardines? A Pet Parent’s Guide to Fishy Treats

You’re mid-bite of your favorite sardine toast, and suddenly, you feel a wet nose nudge your hand. Looking down, your dog is staring up at you with those irresistible “please share” eyes. Canned sardines are a pantry staple for many humans—packed with flavor and nutrients—but is this tiny fish a safe snack for your pup? Before you pop open a can and pass them a bite, let’s dive into the details: Are canned sardines good for dogs? What are the risks? And how much is too much?

Table of Contents

1. Can Dogs Eat Canned Sardines? The Short Answer
2. Nutritional Benefits of Canned Sardines for Dogs
3. Potential Risks to Watch For
4. How Much Canned Sardine Can Dogs Safely Eat?
5. Healthier Alternatives (and When to Choose Them)
6. FAQ: Your Sardine Questions Answered
7. Conclusion: Enjoy Moderation, and Consult Your Vet

Can Dogs Eat Canned Sardines? The Short Answer

Yes, dogs can eat canned sardines—in moderation. When chosen carefully (more on that later!), these small, oily fish are a nutrient-dense treat that can boost your dog’s health. They’re rich in omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and essential vitamins, making them a better alternative to many processed dog treats.

But (and this is a big “but”), not all canned sardines are created equal. Some varieties are loaded with salt, oil, or added ingredients that can harm your pup. Plus, overfeeding can lead to stomach upset or other issues. Let’s break down the good, the bad, and the “how-to” of sharing sardines with your dog.

Nutritional Benefits of Canned Sardines for Dogs

Sardines are often called “nutrient powerhouses,” and for good reason. Here’s why they might make a great occasional treat for your dog:

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: For Skin, Coat, and Joints

Sardines are packed with EPA and DHA—two types of omega-3 fatty acids that are crucial for your dog’s health. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), omega-3s can:

• Reduce inflammation, easing joint pain in dogs with arthritis or hip dysplasia.
• Improve skin and coat health, reducing dryness, itching, and dandruff.
• Support brain function, especially in puppies and senior dogs.

Unlike plant-based omega-3s (like flaxseed), the omega-3s in fish are “preformed,” meaning your dog’s body can absorb them easily.

2. High-Quality Protein: Building Blocks for Muscles

Protein is essential for dogs—it helps repair tissues, build muscle, and support a healthy immune system. Sardines are an excellent source of lean, complete protein, meaning they contain all the amino acids your dog needs. A 3.75-ounce can of sardines has about 20 grams of protein, which is more than many dog treats (and way more nutritious!).

3. Vitamins and Minerals: From Vitamin D to Calcium

Sardines are rich in key nutrients that many dogs lack in their diets:

• Vitamin D: Critical for bone health (it helps absorb calcium). Many dogs don’t get enough vitamin D, especially if they’re indoors often.
• Vitamin B12: Supports energy production and nerve function.
• Calcium and Phosphorus: Sardines are often canned with their soft, edible bones, which are a natural source of calcium (great for growing puppies or senior dogs with weak bones).
• Selenium: An antioxidant that protects cells from damage and supports thyroid health.

4. Low in Mercury (Compared to Other Fish)

Large, predatory fish like tuna or swordfish can accumulate high levels of mercury, which is toxic to dogs in large amounts. But sardines are small, short-lived fish that eat plankton, so they have very low mercury levels. The FDA even recommends sardines as a “best choice” for low-mercury seafood—safe for humans and dogs!

Potential Risks to Watch For

While sardines have plenty of benefits, they’re not risk-free. Here’s what to avoid:

1. Too Much Sodium: A Hidden Danger

Many canned sardines are packed in saltwater or brine to preserve them, which adds a lot of sodium. Dogs need only small amounts of sodium (about 100-200 mg per 100 calories of food), and excess can lead to:

• Dehydration
• Increased thirst and urination
• High blood pressure
• Kidney damage (over time)

Always check the label for “low sodium” or “no salt added” options. Water-packed sardines are better than oil-packed or saltwater-packed ones.

2. Added Ingredients: Garlic, Onions, or Spices

Some canned sardines include flavorings like garlic, onions, or chili peppers to appeal to humans. These are toxic to dogs! Garlic and onions contain thiosulphate, which can damage red blood cells and cause anemia. Even small amounts can be harmful, so always pick plain sardines with no added ingredients.

3. Excess Calories: Weight Gain Risk

Sardines are calorie-dense—about 177 calories per 3.75-ounce can (water-packed). If you’re feeding them as a treat, those calories can add up quickly, leading to weight gain or obesity. This is especially true for oil-packed sardines, which have even more calories (up to 250 per can).

4. Choking Hazards (Rare, but Possible)

Sardine bones are soft and small, so they’re usually safe for dogs to chew and digest. However, very small dogs (like Chihuahuas or Yorkies) might struggle with whole sardines. To be safe, mash or chop sardines into smaller pieces before feeding.

How Much Canned Sardine Can Dogs Safely Eat?

The key here is moderation. Sardines should be an occasional treat, not a regular part of your dog’s diet. Here’s a general guideline based on your dog’s size:

Pro tip: Treats (including sardines) should make up no more than 10% of your dog’s daily calories. For example, a 30-pound dog eating 600 calories a day should have no more than 60 calories from treats—about 2-3 sardines.

Also, introduce sardines slowly. Start with a tiny piece and watch for signs of stomach upset (vomiting, diarrhea, or gas) over the next 24 hours. If your dog reacts poorly, skip sardines in the future.

Healthier Alternatives (and When to Choose Them)

Canned sardines are great, but they’re not the only fishy treat option. Here are some alternatives if you want variety or need to avoid sardines:

1. Fresh Sardines (Cooked)

Fresh sardines (baked, grilled, or boiled—no oil or seasoning!) are even better than canned, as they have no added sodium. Look for wild-caught sardines at your local fish market.

2. Wild-Caught Salmon (Cooked)

Salmon is another omega-3-rich fish, but it’s higher in mercury than sardines, so feed it less often (once a month max). Never feed raw salmon—it can contain parasites that cause “salmon poisoning disease” in dogs.

3. Mackerel (Canned, Low-Sodium)

Mackerel is similar to sardines in nutrients but has a stronger flavor. Opt for low-sodium, water-packed mackerel with no added ingredients.

4. Herring (Canned or Fresh)

Herring is another small, low-mercury fish rich in omega-3s. Like sardines, choose plain, water-packed varieties.

When to Avoid Sardines Altogether

If your dog has:

• Kidney disease: Sardines (even low-sodium ones) have some sodium, which can strain already weakened kidneys.
• Seafood allergies: Some dogs are allergic to fish; signs include itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
• Pancreatitis: The fat in sardines can trigger pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) in susceptible dogs.

FAQ: Your Sardine Questions Answered

Q: Can puppies eat canned sardines?

A: Yes, but in smaller portions. Puppies have sensitive stomachs, so start with 1/2 a sardine once a week. Consult your vet first, especially if your puppy has dietary restrictions.

Q: Are oil-packed or water-packed sardines better for dogs?

A: Water-packed is better. Oil-packed sardines have extra calories and fat, which can cause stomach upset or weight gain. If you choose oil-packed, drain the oil first.

Q: Can dogs eat sardine bones?

A: Yes! Sardine bones are soft and digestible, so they’re safe for most dogs. Avoid large, sharp bones (like from chicken or beef), but sardine bones are fine.

Q: How often can I feed my dog sardines?

A: Once or twice a week at most. Overfeeding can lead to diarrhea, weight gain, or sodium overload.

Q: Are smoked sardines safe for dogs?

A: No. Smoked sardines are high in salt and often contain preservatives (like nitrates) that are harmful to dogs. Stick to plain, unsmoked varieties.

Conclusion: Enjoy Moderation, and Consult Your Vet

Canned sardines can be a healthy, tasty treat for your dog—rich in omega-3s, protein, and vitamins, with low mercury levels. Just remember to:

• Choose low-sodium, water-packed sardines with no added ingredients.
• Feed in moderation (no more than 10% of daily calories).
• Watch for signs of stomach upset or allergies.

Every dog is different, so when in doubt, talk to your vet. They can help you decide if sardines fit into your dog’s diet, especially if your pup has health issues like kidney disease or pancreatitis.

So next time you crack open a can of sardines, feel free to share a tiny, fishy smile with your pup—just keep it small, simple, and occasional. Your dog’s coat (and taste buds) will thank you!

References

• American Kennel Club (AKC). “Can Dogs Eat Sardines?” AKC.org
• ASPCA. “Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants and Foods.” ASPCA.org
• FDA. “Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish.” FDA.gov
• Veterinary Centers of America (VCA). “Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Dogs.” VCAHospitals.com