Can Dogs Eat Anchovies? A Pet Parent’s Guide to This Tiny Fish Treat

Picture this: You’re savoring a slice of pizza topped with salty, briny anchovies, and your dog is staring up at you with those irresistible puppy eyes. “Just a little bite?” you wonder. After all, fish is often hailed as a healthy addition to a dog’s diet—but are anchovies safe? Let’s dive into the details to help you decide if these tiny fish deserve a spot in your pup’s treat jar.

Table of Contents

1. Can Dogs Eat Anchovies? The Short Answer
2. The Nutritional Perks: Why Anchovies Might Benefit Your Dog
3. Potential Risks: What to Watch Out For
4. Feeding Guidelines: How Much (and How) to Serve Anchovies
5. Healthier Alternatives to Anchovies
6. FAQ: Your Anchovy Questions Answered
7. Final Thoughts: Moderation is Key

Can Dogs Eat Anchovies? The Short Answer

Yes, dogs can eat anchovies—but only in moderation and when prepared properly. These small, silvery fish are packed with nutrients that can support your dog’s health, from a shiny coat to strong joints. However, they’re not without risks: added salt, excess fat, and improper preparation can lead to stomach upset or worse. Think of anchovies as a “sometimes treat,” not a daily staple.

The Nutritional Perks: Why Anchovies Might Benefit Your Dog

Anchovies may be tiny, but they’re nutritional powerhouses. Here’s why they could be a healthy addition to your dog’s diet (in small doses!):

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: For Skin, Coat, and Joints

Anchovies are rich in omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), which are essential for dogs. These healthy fats reduce inflammation, support brain function, and keep your dog’s skin and coat looking their best. If your pup struggles with dry, itchy skin or dull fur, omega-3s from anchovies might help. They also support joint health, making them a great treat for senior dogs or those with arthritis.

2. High-Quality Protein: Building Blocks for Muscle

Dogs need protein to thrive, and anchovies deliver! Protein supports muscle growth, repair, and overall energy levels. Unlike processed treats, anchovies offer “complete” protein, meaning they contain all the amino acids your dog’s body can’t produce on its own.

3. Vitamins and Minerals: A Micronutrient Boost

Anchovies are loaded with key vitamins and minerals, including:

• Vitamin D: Critical for bone health (helps absorb calcium) and immune function. Many dogs are deficient in vitamin D, especially those who spend less time outdoors.
• Vitamin B12: Supports nerve function and red blood cell production.
• Selenium: An antioxidant that protects cells from damage and supports thyroid health.
• Calcium and Phosphorus: Found in anchovy bones (if included), these minerals strengthen bones and teeth.

4. Low Mercury Risk

Large, predatory fish (like tuna or swordfish) often contain high levels of mercury, which can harm dogs in large amounts. But anchovies are small, short-lived fish that sit low on the food chain—meaning they accumulate very little mercury. The FDA even lists anchovies as a “best choice” for low-mercury seafood [1], making them safer than many other fish options.

Potential Risks: What to Watch Out For

While anchovies have benefits, they’re not a free-for-all. Here are the risks to keep in mind:

1. Added Salt and Seasonings

Most store-bought anchovies (especially canned varieties) are packed in salt, oil, or brine to preserve them. Excess salt is toxic to dogs and can lead to sodium ion poisoning, which causes symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, excessive thirst, seizures, or even kidney damage [2]. Avoid anchovies with added garlic, onion, or spices—these are toxic to dogs.

2. High Fat Content

Anchovies are relatively high in fat (about 3g per 3-oz serving). While some fat is healthy, too much can trigger pancreatitis in dogs, a painful inflammation of the pancreas. Symptoms include vomiting, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain. Dogs with a history of pancreatitis or obesity should avoid anchovies altogether.

3. Choking or Digestive Issues

Anchovies are small, but their bones (if not properly prepared) could pose a choking hazard, especially for tiny dogs. Even soft bones might irritate your dog’s throat or intestines if swallowed whole. Additionally, feeding too many anchovies at once can cause stomach upset, including diarrhea or gas.

4. Processed Additives

Some anchovy products (like paste, spreads, or marinated varieties) contain preservatives, artificial flavors, or sugar. These additives offer no nutritional value and can upset your dog’s stomach. Always opt for plain, unseasoned anchovies.

Feeding Guidelines: How Much (and How) to Serve Anchovies

If you want to share anchovies with your dog, follow these tips to keep them safe:

1. Choose the Right Type

• Best: Fresh or frozen anchovies (unseasoned, no salt added). These are lowest in sodium and free of additives.
• Second choice: Canned anchovies packed in water (not oil or brine) with “no salt added” on the label. Rinse them thoroughly to remove excess salt before serving.
• Avoid: Anchovies in oil, brine, or sauce; marinated, smoked, or flavored varieties; and anchovy paste (too salty!).

2. Prep Properly

• Remove bones (if needed): Small, soft anchovy bones are usually safe for dogs to digest (they’re even a source of calcium!). However, if you’re unsure, or if your dog is a aggressive chewer, debone them first to avoid choking.
• Cook (optional): Fresh anchovies can be lightly steamed or baked (no oil!) to kill parasites. Frozen anchovies can be thawed and served raw (if you trust the source) or cooked.

3. Stick to Portion Sizes

Anchovies should be a treat, not a meal. The amount depends on your dog’s size:

• Small dogs (under 20 lbs): 1–2 anchovies per week
• Medium dogs (20–50 lbs): 2–3 anchovies per week
• Large dogs (50+ lbs): 3–4 anchovies per week

Pro tip: Mix a chopped anchovy into your dog’s regular food to add flavor without overdoing it!

4. Watch for Allergies or Sensitivities

Introduce anchovies slowly. Start with a tiny piece and monitor your dog for 24 hours. Signs of an allergic reaction include itching, swelling, or diarrhea. If you notice these, stop feeding anchovies and consult your vet.

Healthier Alternatives to Anchovies

If anchovies are hard to find, or you want to mix up your dog’s treats, these alternatives offer similar benefits with fewer risks:

1. Sardines

Sardines are like anchovies’ bigger cousins—and they’re often easier to find! They’re rich in omega-3s, protein, and calcium (thanks to soft, edible bones). Look for canned sardines in water, no salt added.

2. Salmon

Wild-caught salmon is a omega-3 superstar! It’s also high in protein and vitamin D. Serve cooked, boneless salmon in small pieces (raw salmon can contain parasites).

3. Mackerel

Mackerel is another low-mercury fish packed with omega-3s and B vitamins. Opt for canned mackerel in water, not oil.

4. Pumpkin

For a non-fish alternative, plain, cooked pumpkin (not pie filling!) is rich in fiber and beta-carotene, supporting digestion and immune health.

FAQ: Your Anchovy Questions Answered

Q: Can dogs eat canned anchovies?

A: Yes, but only if they’re packed in water (not oil or brine) and labeled “no salt added.” Rinse them first to reduce sodium. Avoid canned anchovies with added seasonings.

Q: Is anchovy paste safe for dogs?

A: No. Anchovy paste is usually high in salt, garlic, or other spices that are toxic to dogs. Stick to whole, plain anchovies.

Q: Are anchovy bones dangerous for dogs?

A: Small, soft anchovy bones are generally safe—they’re digestible and a source of calcium. Avoid large, sharp bones (though anchovies rarely have these). If your dog has a history of choking, debone them first.

Q: How often can I feed my dog anchovies?

A: As a treat, 1–4 anchovies per week (depending on size). Never feed them daily—too much fat or salt can cause stomach upset.

Q: My dog ate too many anchovies! What should I do?

A: If your dog snuck a handful of anchovies, monitor for symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive thirst (signs of salt overload). If they appear lethargic or in pain, contact your vet immediately.

Final Thoughts: Moderation is Key

Anchovies can be a healthy, tasty treat for dogs—rich in omega-3s, protein, and vitamins—when served plain, unseasoned, and in small amounts. But like any treat, they’re not a substitute for a balanced diet. Always check with your vet before adding new foods to your dog’s meals, especially if they have health issues like pancreatitis, kidney disease, or allergies.

At the end of the day, the best rule is: “When in doubt, ask your vet.” With a little caution, you and your pup can enjoy the occasional anchovy snack—no puppy eyes required.

References

[1] U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “Fish: What Pregnant Women and Parents Should Know” (2023).
[2] American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). “Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants and Foods” (2023).
[3] American Kennel Club (AKC). “Can Dogs Eat Fish?” (2023).
[4] VCA Animal Hospitals. “Nutrition for Dogs” (2023).